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Background:
Key words:
Theories:
Aim:
Research method:
Experimental Design:
IV:
DV:
Sampling Technique:
Sample:
Procedure:
Communication: Kanzi and Mulika used a visual symbol system consisting of geometric symbols (lexigrams) which brightened when touched. These symbols were on an electronic keyboard, or on a pointing board for use outside. A speech synthesiser was added when it became apparent that Kanzi could comprehend words, so the appropriate words were spoken when a symbol was touched.
Results: --> Pieces of evidence that suggest pygmy chimpanzees have a greater aptitude for symbol acquisition than common chimpanzees:
Conclusions:
Evaluation:
Research Method:
Sample:
Reliability:
Validity:
Usefulness:
Ethical Issues:
Improvements & Implications:
Exam Q's:
Why was Kanzi was taught symbol acquisition as a means of communication.
A-
Because he had already been assigned to the language research
centre.
Because he was reared in a ‘language using’ environment.
Because his mother was a ‘language’ chimp.
Because he had already been observed spontaneously using symbols.
Because chimps do not have appropriate vocal chords to produce human speech.
How did the the researchers record Kanzi’s symbol acquisition.
A-
All lexigrams were automatically recorded by computer-monitored keyboards when Kanzi was indoors.
Lexigram utterances were recorded by hand and entered into the computer at the end of the day when Kanzi was in the woods.
Key words:
Theories:
Aim:
Research method:
Experimental Design:
IV:
DV:
Sampling Technique:
Sample:
Procedure:
Communication: Kanzi and Mulika used a visual symbol system consisting of geometric symbols (lexigrams) which brightened when touched. These symbols were on an electronic keyboard, or on a pointing board for use outside. A speech synthesiser was added when it became apparent that Kanzi could comprehend words, so the appropriate words were spoken when a symbol was touched.
Results: --> Pieces of evidence that suggest pygmy chimpanzees have a greater aptitude for symbol acquisition than common chimpanzees:
- Kanzi & Mulika formed associations between lexigrams and objects whereas Sherman & Austin didn’t.
- Kanzi & Mulika used words correctly from the start whereas Sherman & Austin didn’t.
- Kanzi & Mulika’s understanding was not context dependent, Sherman & Austin’s was.
- Kanzi & Mulika were able to differentiate between items in a category (e.g. coke, juice) whereas Sherman & Austin only acquired broad differentiations for categories (e.g. drinking).
- Kanzi was able to request that A act on B when he was neither A nor B whereas Sherman & Austin were never able to form requests in which someone other than themselves was the beneficiary.
Conclusions:
Evaluation:
Research Method:
Sample:
Reliability:
Validity:
Usefulness:
Ethical Issues:
Improvements & Implications:
Exam Q's:
Why was Kanzi was taught symbol acquisition as a means of communication.
A-
Because he had already been assigned to the language research
centre.
Because he was reared in a ‘language using’ environment.
Because his mother was a ‘language’ chimp.
Because he had already been observed spontaneously using symbols.
Because chimps do not have appropriate vocal chords to produce human speech.
How did the the researchers record Kanzi’s symbol acquisition.
A-
All lexigrams were automatically recorded by computer-monitored keyboards when Kanzi was indoors.
Lexigram utterances were recorded by hand and entered into the computer at the end of the day when Kanzi was in the woods.